Emergencies arrive without warning. Having the knowledge and confidence to act can make all the difference. Two essential skills everyone should know are cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and how to respond to a heart attack. Whether you’re at home, at work, or in public, knowing what to do could save a life while waiting for professional help.
Performing CPR
CPR is a lifesaving technique that keeps oxygen circulating to vital organs until emergency responders arrive. Here’s a simplified step-by-step guide:
- Check the scene: Ensure the area is safe for both you and the person in need.
- Check responsiveness: Gently tap and ask, “Are you okay?” If no response, call emergency services immediately.
- Open the airway: Tilt the head back, lift the chin, and look, listen, and feel for breathing.
- Chest compressions: Place the heel of your hand in the center of the chest. Push hard and fast (100–120 compressions per minute), allowing full chest rise between compressions.
- Rescue breaths: Pinch the nose, seal your mouth over theirs, and give two steady breaths. Continue cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths.
- Keep going: Continue until the person starts breathing, another trained responder takes over, or emergency teams arrive.
Responding to a Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked. Acting quickly reduces risks and supports recovery while waiting for emergency care. Here’s what to do:
- Recognise the signs: Chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness, or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
- Call emergency services immediately: Time is critical—dial 000 without delay.
- Keep them calm: Help the person sit or lie comfortably and reassure them.
- Offer aspirin (if safe): If they are not allergic and not already on aspirin, one adult tablet can be chewed slowly.
- Monitor closely: Watch their breathing and pulse. Be ready to begin CPR if they lose responsiveness.
- Use an AED if available: Follow the device’s voice and visual prompts for safe use.
Final Thoughts
Learning CPR and basic first aid gives you the confidence to act in life-threatening situations. If you haven’t already, consider enrolling in a certified training course to gain hands-on skills. Being prepared today could make all the difference tomorrow.
